Control as a Management Tool - 1336 Words

A manager has several functions in any given establishment or enterprise. These functions of a manager define the manager’s responsibilities and duties in the running of a company. The main function that is of critical importance is one of control. Control is important because it is the only way managers know whether organisational goals are being met and if not, the reasons why. Control entails setting standards of quality, comparing actual performance with required performance standards and also taking corrective measures to align what is actual and supposed to be in existence. According to Cole, G. A. (2007) control is essentially a question of developing feedback systems throughout the organization and may be implemented both†¦show more content†¦For a new firm in business as Dynamic Investments Limited should strive to get a true picture about the major indicators that will bring about achievement of the set goals. The company should be able to identify the quantity and nature of inputs to a process will determine the nature of the outputs which are monitored. The resultant feedback is compared with the objectives. Deviations are controlled by adjusting inputs. The standard illustration of this depicts a person adjusting his inputs to make the best output. The degree of control is predicated on the nature of the organisation’s activities and management style. Control can be attained whereby there is a high degree of creativity and commitment. Having analysed the different important details of control that a company can embark on, it is important to relate control to planning, leading and organizing. Planning involves setting goals and deciding on what course of action, developing rules and procedures, foresighting and projecting. Planning is the most basic element of management because it outlines the plan of action. Planning and control are related in that they both define how goals are attained. Planning and controlling are two separate functions of management, yet they are closely related. The scope of activities of both are overlapping to each other without the basis of planning, controlling activities become baseless and without controlling, planning becomes a meaningless exercise.Show MoreRelatedManagement Control System : Accounting Tools2151 Words   |  9 PagesManagement control system are accounting tools that gather information and use it to evaluate the performance of different organizational resources like human, physical, financial and also the organization as a whole considering the organizational strategies. In other words, the managemant control sytstem is aligned with the organization s performance. Management control system can be formal or informal. However, organization uses different accounting tool to capture their performance. The balanceRead MoreSample Resume : Quality Management1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthe project requirements. The main aim of quality management is meeting or exceeding stakeholder’s expectations and conforming to the project design and its specifications. Till the desired quality is obtained a continuous repetitive cycle of measuring quality, updating processes takes place. Quality can be measured by the number of defects in the product. Quality management is performed throughout the lifecycle of the project. The quality management process are: Quality Planning - It is done duringRead MoreControl and Mechanisms1449 Words   |  6 PagesControl Mechanisms and Nike In the past few years, management, leadership, and control strategies in business organizations has emerged as key factors in determining the long-term success or ultimate failure of such organizations. One large well-known successful global company is Nike, who has demonstrated extreme success that can be directly attributed to management, leadership, and control strategies (Krentzman, 1997). Control mechanisms such as bureaucratic control, market control, clan controlRead MoreMaster Of Biotechnology ( Biomedical )1241 Words   |  5 Pages PROJECT MANAGEMENT ASSIGNEMENT 1 C UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE NAME: Nishanthan Chandrasekaran STUDENT NUMBER: 1661145 COURSE: Master of Biotechnology (Biomedical) TASK: What is the value of having good time and cost management plans when undertaking project execution? Identify at least six tools / techniques (3 each for Time and cost management) that you would use for managing and controlling TimeRead MoreProject Management Life Cycle1720 Words   |  7 PagesProject Management Life Cycle The Project Management Life Cycle (PMLC) addresses the project management needs for all systems development projects. It is applicable to new system development projects and to maintenance projects for existing systems. What is a Project Management Life Cycle? A system development project is a set of activities that starts and ends at identifiable points in time and that produces quantifiable and qualifiable deliverables. Projects are staffed by people using processesRead MoreProject Quality Management : Project Management Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesproject management it means the inputs used in defining the project requirements from the donor and the beneficiaries must meet the intended objectives of the project. Consequently, project managers have a role of ensuring that all project activities necessary to designing, planning and implementing a project are effective and efficient. This is with respect to the purpose of the objective and its performance. This role can be achieved when project managers carry out project quality management. TheRead MoreTime Management Of Health And Safety1403 Words   |  6 Pagesb. Time Management In Health and Safety: Time management has been in existence for more than 100 years. Unfortunately, the term Time management creates a false impression. Time in construction cannot be managed, it can only be controlled by each individual person at workplace by using health and safety and the way time is directed. Scheduling and organize are extremely important in construction when it comes to managing the use of time. It is important to manage and control health and safety inRead MoreQuality Of Quality Management Process1658 Words   |  7 Pagessponsor and recipient. The main aim of quality management is meeting or exceeding stakeholder’s expectations and conforming to the project design and its specifications. Till the desired quality is obtained a continuous repetitive cycle of measuring quality, updating processes takes place. Quality can be measured by the number of defects in the product. Quality management is performed throughout the lifecycle of the project. The quality management process are: Quality Planning - It is done duringRead MoreProblem And Purpose Of A Project1653 Words   |  7 Pagesmoney alone is not the factor for the projects to be successful. From conceptualization to planning and budgeting, execution and control they take so much care for completion of projects. But, still even though how big and successful the company is they still have some projects which will fail from time to time. There are various reasons why projects fail like due to management issues, Quality issues, insufficient resources, Estimation of costs and schedules and so on. One of the main important factorsRead MoreQuality Is Never An Accident1707 Words   |  7 Pagesempowering; training; and mentoring should be present in the scope of organizational management, â€Å"Leadership for quality is based on the philosophy that continually improving people, process, and products will, in turn, improve: Quality; Value; Productivity; Service; Market share; Longevity; Business expansion and Return on investment.† according to David Goetsch and Stanley Davis in the book Quality Management for Organizational Excellence (Goetsch Davis, 2013, p. 127). Competition is an important

Christ Led Leaders The Heroes Of The World - 1672 Words

CHRIST-LED LEADERS 1 Christ-Led Leaders Worldview Discovery Paper - Class Five Shanda Steele Summer 2016 Belhaven CHRIST-LED LEADERS 2 Christ-Led Leaders Leaders are individuals who influences others to strive towards greatness in any organization or establishment. Leaders are known as the heroes of the world, because they maintain a sense of strength and courage. Courage to always face the obstacles that are set before them, and manages to motivate others to execute them as well. Without leaders in our life, not many would be motivated to accomplish great goals. There are many leaders who possesses this character, but the great ones are those who display the character of God. These leaders are those who consult God concerning every situation. Therefore, their decisions are applied with much wisdom and love. This causes a leader to be known as one of the best ones. People will forget what you said, but they will never forget how you made them feel (Maya Angelou). Some of the most known leaders are the ones who acted in the love of God. For an example, Martin Luther King was on who carried the love of God t hrough his messages. He was known for encouraging others to maintain integrity through showing love, even if it is not done towards us. He is a great definition of leadership, and his name is celebrated still today. I do believe that is honor came from God, because he practiced the heart of God. GodShow MoreRelatedThe Hero As A Hero1529 Words   |  7 Pagescompletely evolved from its original meaning to a much more complex connotation. To start, one category of heroes are well recognized people. They are considered â€Å"national heroes, as reference.com defines them as â€Å"a person who makes significant contributions to the development of society and is admired for any of a number of qualities, including courage and outstanding achievements.† These heroes demonstrate the qualities of both leadership and change to help improve the lives of others. One exampleRead MoreGreek Mythology : Ancient Mythology1630 Words   |  7 Pagesand mythical creatures. While pertaining to these legends and myths includes; to their Gods, the nature and heroes, tales of clashes, and of their adventures. It is also a brief on the origin and connotation of their cult, and the innumerable practices that remained shadowed by them. Myth is defined as; a traditional, typically historic story pertaining to mystic beings, descendants, or heroes that serve an essential kind in the worldview of a people, as by enlightening specific c haracteristics ofRead MoreTheme Of Good And Evil In Beowulf1190 Words   |  5 Pagesare in constant struggle like in Beowulf’s epic, other pieces of literature, and in the world we live in today. The epic, Beowulf, pins evil as descendants of Cain--Grendel and his mother--against a good warrior of the lord--Beowulf. In the battle of Beowulf vs Grendel’s mother, Beowulf goes to the lake of fire (the lake represents Hell), and he defeats the evil lurking in it. Besides Beowulf ridding the world of evil, the epic also has numerous pagan ideologies that clash with some of its ChristianRead MoreThe Spiritual Lessons From Joshua1476 Words   |  6 PagesThere has been no day like the day that God heeded Joshua s command for the sun to stand still for one whole day. In light of all this it is interesting, even somewhat puzzling, that Joshua is not even named by the apostle Paul as one of the great heroes of faith in Hebrews 11. There are two hundred and one Bible references to Joshua, which leaves us with many valuable lessons; there are very few more dramatic examples of faith in the entire Bible. So why did the apostle Paul leave Joshua s nameRead MoreA Brief Note On The And The Legacy Of The Crusades1740 Words   |  7 PagesMcCardle Liberty University Online CHHI 301-B05 October 6, 2014 On a late November day, in the year 1095, the leader of the Holy Roman Catholic Church delivered a sermon that would forever change the face of Europe. Pope Urban II roused those in attendance at the Council of Clermont to take up arms and fight for a noble and just cause. â€Å"I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ s heralds to publish this everywhere and to pers ¬e all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poorRead MoreJesus Research Paper1705 Words   |  7 Pagesauthorities anyone not giving their loyalty to sweet Jesus. When such sinful people refused to repent, and were publicly executed, Christians of the world shook their heads in disbelief. They could not imagine the extent of the depth of a fallen nature capable of blinding people to such ruin. It was forty-five days after the arrival of whom the world considered the real Jesus that another phenomenon appeared in the sky above Jerusalem. The eerie marvel caused the sky to vanish like it was nightRead MoreBook Review : King Arthur Knights Of The Round Table1544 Words   |  7 Pagesof Lancelot). At a time when the quest for the Holy Grail begins. Galahad also pulled a sword from a stone which is supposed to be pulled by the strongest knight in the world, as the story goes on many deaths and members of the Round Table are replaced after they perish. There are two sides to Camelot on the surface the leaders of the city are pious, the king attends masses regularly makes the sign of the cross bears bad news chivalry is essential and vespers a form of evening prayer, are held regularlyRead MoreReligion in Beowulf1385 Words   |  6 Pageswho will be given to deaths cold grip† (Heaney 38). He knows that God has already created an ending to this battle with Grendel, and he is lavished with peace. Beowulf holds a Christ-like behavior through his good heart and contributions. Beowulf understands the Danes oppression by the evil monster Grendel; just as Christ knew of the oppression of the Jewish people. Both set out to free and save their people from the burdens of hardship. To free themselves from the monster, the Danes needed a saviorRead MoreRoles Of Religion In Beowulf1369 Words   |  6 Pageswho will be given to deaths cold grip† (Heaney 38). He knows that God has already created an ending to this battle with Grendel, and he is lavished with peace. Beowulf holds a Christ-like behavior through his good heart and contributions. Beowulf understands the Danes oppression by the evil monster Grendel; just as Christ knew of the oppression of the Jewish people. Both set out to free and save their people from the burdens of hardship. To free themselves from the monster, the Danes needed a saviorRead MoreHeroism and Leadership: Beowulf1382 Words   |  6 Pagesorders to his â€Å"men† while he sat on his throne awaiting confirmation of a victory. Men admired their leader for: outstanding courage, selflessness to his tribe, personal valor, and ability to survive despite the toughest opposition. Heroism and leadership are characteristics that b rought my fellow men to abide by my side despite the situation, which in response led me to become such an aspiring leader, and in the end a hero – the demonstration to attain glory through brawls. Traditions, natural laws

Report on the Condition of Psychological Pressure of College Students Free Essays

Title page Resisting Pressure: Survey on Chongqing University’s Students’ Psychological Pressure Group6 Supervisor: Wang Xu Chongqing University May 7, 2012 Abstract page Abstract This survey examined the condition of Chongqing university’s students’ psychological health. Our main aim is to find ways to deal with the pressure we students face. 100 Chongqing university’s students were surveyed on both pressure they face and ways they use to deal with that. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on the Condition of Psychological Pressure of College Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now We predicted that academic pressure,emotional pressure and the pressure of employment can be huge to our students and it’s hard for them to deal with that. Actually,pressure from the above three aspects was not that huge for our students,no matter they are science students or arts students,girls or boys. Also,it seems like that our students have their own set of ways to handle these pressure. Still,there are a certain number of students find they struggle to handle pressure from the three aspects,suggesting that Chongqing university’s students mainly stay a healthy psychological condition,but there are still things we can do to improve that. Body Resisting Pressure: Survey on Chongqing University’s Students’ Psychological Pressure Nowadays,with the rapid development of China’s economy,psychological pressure more and more appear in newspaper,TV,or someone’s life,especially,a university student’s life. Many factors can be pressure for a university student. For example,academic grade point(GPA),emotional problems or job-hunting difficulties. After summarizing most pressure factors, we classified them to three aspects:academic pressure,emotional pressure and pressure of the employment. So,how the three pressure source affect university students and how the students deal with that? As to psychological sources of stress for college students, foreign research results are generally believed to include academic factors, social factors, life and economic factors, career factors. [i] For example, Misra’s research shows that the Students’ largest source of stress are factors that directly related to learning , such as test scores and test results, the burden of learning;The second largest source of pressure are social environment-related factors such as economic problems, lack of time to communicate with parents and friends. ii]The Armeli group’s study shows that students’s anxiety caused by the pressure of two aspects;on the one hand, it’s high academic expectations that caused them anxious;on the other hand, it is the will of self-development and maintaining good interpersonal relationships contributes to that anxiety. [iii]Domestic scholars found that the pressure sense of college students mostly come from life events when thay ar e trying to adapt to college life. Severe psychological problems are caused especially by life events which are linked to their personal lives, their parents and family, learning progress , and most of them are negative events. iv]Li Lun and Wang Qian, according to whose research,they pointed out that the psychological pressure of college students can be summarized into the three categories: pressure from family, work , learning problems ,love and interpersonal problems. [v]Li Hong and Mei JinRong’s study indicates that college students’ main pressure source including:study,job-hunting,interpersonal relationships,life problems,romance,economy,society,tests,family,life and study environment,future,competence,personal affairs(development,outlook,confidence),health,competitiveness. 5 categories in total. [vi] However,it’s not hard to see that the studies which have been done mostly are qualitative analysis . Most researches focused on frequency and type of event th at caused pressure,but lack the discovery of the psychological experience of degree research. Therefore, we want to use the college students’ psychological pressure gauge as a theoretical basis to provide a scientific analysis of mental health status of college students so to put forward some constructive ideas for college students to stay psychological health. . Method Participants Participants included 100 Chongqing university students (56 females, 44males;61 majoring in science,19 majoring in arts),most of them are in their freshman year,the other are junior students. Materials Stress in college students is texted by 25 questions listed in each of 100 questionnaires. We tested it in three different aspects–academic pressure,emotional pressure and the pressure of employment. participants are requested to make multiple-choice or single choice so let us know the degree of their psychological pressure. Pressure degree is measured on the basis of Students pressure measure table. vii]And ways to handle pressure are concluded from these analysis . Procedure As our first step,we gave away 100 questionnaires ,then we collected the data and made an analysis of it using the Students Pressure Measure Table,at last,we put forward our view and suggestions. Note:M–male(44); F–female(56);ST–science students(61);AT–arts students(39) Academic pressure group Emotional pressure group I. [pic] [pic] Unexpectedly,a significant difference between science students and arts students was found. However,there was no obvious difference between boys and girls was indicated. We deduced that the former phenomenon was due to the following reasons:For one thing,science students are busy doing their homework or experiments ,when compared with arts students,they have less time to experience loneness and their life maybe much simpler. This point of view was supported by Figure 2—Academic performance was more important for science students than arts students. As the saying goes:Simple is beautiful. Simple life lead to a higher happiness level. For another,it’s a new trend which was observed by many sociologists that boys majoring in science are more appealing for girls than boys majoring in arts. Combining with the fact that Chongqing University’s Male to Female ratio is 7 to 1. It’s no surprise that boys majoring in science are less pressed by factors like romance but money is a problem. Also unexpectedly,we found that girls we surveyed put more attention the academic factors,Perhaps that’s why girls feel more happy than boys–girlfriends’ mood may always changing but your GPA is always there. Is that a reason why girls are always studying hard than boys in college? II. [pic] [pic] [pic] We predicted that girls are more easy to feel lonely and have a stronger urge of taking with others. Moreover,they might be more good at dealing with their psychological pressure. Our survey results partly support our idea:most girls are not always troubled with the feeling of loneliness and girls do know how to deal with own pressure—they write letters or diaries;they can cry out or go shopping with friends.. Unexpectedly,compared with boys,they are less likely to talk about their problems than boys. So,why? After looking through our data collecting results,here is the reason:among the 54 girls we surveyed,39 are majoring in science. As we all know,in some science majors,girls are rare,say,The Civil Engineering,so it’s no wonder they don’t like to talk about it:female friends around them,especially in a same class are are. So,how about build a relationship with boys,treat them as their â€Å"girlfriends†? III. [pic] [pic] [pic] Unexpectedly,it seems like that most students who received our survey all have a familiar results according to the figure1,2,3. Half students will be pressed by others’ views ,pressed by the mainstream definition of success,and pressed by dealing interpersonal relationships no matter he or she,science or arts. This phenomenon can be explained by the theory of Group Psychological Effects. ,which says because of the need of seeking belonging sense,individuals will obey the norms and standards of a certain group. However,Group Psychological Effects are not equivalent to each member,that’s why the other choose an opposite choice. Also unexpectedly,girls are more pressured by â€Å"success† though we traditionally thought that boy was the one who shouldered too heavy an expectation. All in all,we found that students in Chongqing University generally stay in a healthy emotional pressure level,and the existence of there pressure sources might be a good thing. Because it can help college students mature both physically and mentally thus they will learn to understand others and get along well with themselves. We always believe that EQ is more important than IQ,so the pressure can increase their EQ,even stimulate them to rebuild a better self. Job-hunting pressure group Discussion The purpose of this study was to find how different levels of pressure college students bear and put forward constructive methods to deal with that. We predicted that a large number of college students are experiencing or have experienced different levels of depression caused by pressure. In this study,those students that we tested mostly showed healthy psychological condition and a good knowledge of ways to let out pressure. Thus,our hypothesis was not supported by this study. But,how and why? Is it true that college students are living happily and without pressure given by society. We postulate that this result can be explained by the following reasons:First of all,the concept of â€Å"vanity† may explain this unusual phenomenon. Fear of being other people see themselves vulnerable and the trend to pretend optimism as all people like optimistic make them choose some options which are not true. Secondly,our participants mainly are freshmen,in their first year in university,the impact of pressure from the three sources are small as everything is new which attract their most attention. Last but not least,it’s maybe cultural background that affects our students choice. For example,most westerners are used to express theirs feelings directly,however,we Chinese are more familiar with words like†just so-so†,†not bad†,which are not clear to escribe our feelings. And that may make an effect on our survey. In conclusion, the results of this study provide some fascinating insights into the pressure level Chongqing University students feel. Contrary to what we predicted, most students may indeed always stay in a good psychological condition and know a lot to get alone with their emotion. Th is research and other research to follow will contribute to knowledge of the main condition of Chongqing University students and good ways to deal with pressure. —and possible advantages—of skipping meals. The mixed results of this study suggest that we have much more to learn about resisting pressure in college. ———————– [i] Rawson H E,Bloomer K,Kendall A. Stress,anxiety,depression and physical illness in college students. [J]. The Journal of Genetic Psychology,1999,155(3);321-330. [ii] Misra R,Mc Kean M. College students’ academic stress and its relation to their anxiety,time management and leisure satisfaction[J]. American of Health Studies,2000,16(1);41-51. [iii] Armeli S,Gunthert K C,Cohen L H. Stressor appraisals,coping,and post-event outcomes:The dimensionality and antecedents of stress-related growth[J]. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,2001,20(3);366-395. [iv] Guo JinWu,She ShuangYu. A Preliminary Study of College Students’ Sense of Life Stress. [J]Psychological Science,1996,19(2),;123-124. [v] Li Lun,Wang Qian. University Students’ Mental Stress: Life Events And Coping Style Characteristics[J],Medicine And Society. 2002,8(1);27-31. [vi] Li Hong,Mei JinRong. Development of Stress Scale for College Students. [J]. Applied Psychology,2002,8(1),:27-31. How to cite Report on the Condition of Psychological Pressure of College Students, Essay examples

Fiber Optics Predominant Optical Broadcast Framework

Question: Write an essay on "Fiber Optics". Answer: History of fiber optic The diffraction of sunshine was located in 1700 through Isaac Newton and that gentle is developed of a variety of a broad variety of colorations. After ninety years Claude Chappe is a French dressmaker how built up the predominant optical broadcast framework utilizing semaphores. Messages had been passed-off starting with one slope then onto the next utilizing moving semaphore hands. In 1800, infrared vitality was once discovered inside the range of sunshine by William Herschel. The possession of light was once clarified via Augustine Fresnel who developed up the major scientific mannequin. His proposition relied on the reason that mild is built of sinusoidal waves. Physicist James Maxwell headquartered the frameworks for the development of the investigation of sunshine transmission as electromagnetic waves. Maxwell's conditions are still used to make clear the behavior of radio and light waves in transmission frameworks. From 1800 there used to be no advancement except 1880 Alexande r Graham Bell the celebrated innovator who created a gadget referred to as photo phone, which fused a layer fabricated from sensible material. At the factor when sound made photo phone vibrate, it might steadiness a mild pillar that was glowing on it and reflect this light to a far off discipline. The reflected light could then be demodulated using one other photo phone. Essentially the most extreme separation to impart using this procedure used to be 213 meters. American dressmaker William Wheeler outlined a lighting framework for a building that trusted a progression of channels and ducting. Gentle was once infused into one end and the inside reflection through channels conveyed the sunshine beams to various funnels closes that radiated in rooms where the light was to be subtle. In spite of the truth that the framework would likely have by no means labored productively, the concept used to be sound and in the long run brought on the technique of fiber optic interchanges. In 1960 the fiber links have been accessible but have been enormously loss more than 1000dB/km which restrained optical transmission to short separation. Between 1970 to mid 1980, the advance of optical hyperlinks .The entryway was once opened to the progression of robust, high restrict, awesome productivene ss and low cost fiber optic compunctions framework. The misfortunes in optical strands had been diminished to 0.16dB/km in the late Eighties. Optical fiber To begin, there are three critical primary segments for each fiber optic framework which can be a supply, a fiber, and a recipient. Each variety of optical fiber frameworks requires a light source; for functions for example restorative imaging or design lights, this source will also be any style of common gentle. The optical fiber fills in as a gentle approach for this predicament; its purpose is just to transport the sunshine from the source to a fancied vacation spot. A transmitter is the basis of sunshine that utilized as a part of optical fiber interchanges framework. There are a number of numerous forms of transmitters, together with gentle radiating diodes (LEDs) and different kinds of lasers. Their motivation is to vary an electrical signal into an optical signal which will also be conveyed by the fiber. This procedure is known as regulating the wellspring of light. For example, envision a highlight being exchanged on and off speedily; the illustration of optical heartbeats sh apes a sign which conveys information, like the way a broadcast or Morse code framework works. Exchanging a mild supply on and off along these strains is called direct legislation or advanced tweak. The sunshine can likewise be transformed in keeping with quite a lot of stages of elegance or force, rather of sincerely being killed on and, that is referred to as simple tweak. Some writes of sunshine sources can't be easily turned on or off; for this predicament, the sunshine supply maybe left on constantly, and yet another device called an outer modulator is utilized to modify the bar on and off. The least complicated form of regulation includes changing the power or shine of the sunshine; this is referred to as plentifulness adjustment. It's likewise possible to tweak exceptional properties of the light, for illustration, its stage, recurrence, or even polarization; be that as it will, these are usually not as frequently utilized as part of correspondence frameworks. The fiber is a slight strand of glass or plastic which interfaces the light supply to its destination (by reason of a correspondence framework, it friends the transmitter to the beneficiary). Without doubt, there are unique tactics to carry an optical signal without utilizing strands. For instance, yet another kind of optical waveguide will also be made by using layering polymers or distinct materials on a printed circuit board; these waveguides take a shot on the identical main necessities as an optical fiber. On the off danger that the separations are truly short, light can essentially be coordinated through free area. Some PCs furnished with infrared correspondence interfaces that work on this manner, very like a tv far off manipulate. This system can likewise be utilized between two buildings on the off threat that they don't seem to be very a long way separated (envision two telescopes or lenses went for every different, with a gentle supply on one facet and a finder or recipien t on the opposite facet). This requires a reasonable viewable pathway between the transmitter and the beneficiary, and additionally excellent arrangement so that the pillar does no longer miss the recipient; awful climate stipulations will likewise have an impact on how well this framework functions. Uses of optical fibers Data communication Compunctions frameworks exist to alternate information beginning with one area then onto the subsequent. The components of the info or message are generally known as information. All understanding is comprised of one in all a type code photographs or distinctive factors on which the sender and the beneficiary of the back rubs have concurred. For illustration: paired computerized expertise is spoken to by means of two states "zero" and '1'. These are alluded to as Binary digital or 'bits'. These bits spoke to inside of our PCs via the voltage degree of the electrical sign inside of ability accessories; an abnormal state would converse to a "1" and a low degree communicates to a '0'. On the other hand, the knowledge might be spoken to by means of the nearness or nonappearance of light in an optical fiber hyperlink. An interchanges process requires the accompanying materials: A wellspring of the data A transmitter to vary over the data into understanding signals perfect with the correspondences channel A beneficiary to alter over the knowledge indicators as soon as again into a structure the destination can realize. Medical applications Endoscopes The utilization of fiber optics in endoscopy is maybe essentially the most critical use of fiber optics to the area of drug. From encephalo-scopes, that are utilized for analyzing pits as part of the intellect, to arthroscopies, which might be utilized for diagnosing and treating knee problems, the human body can be mainly examined with these objects. This technique has turned out to be a piece of the average therapeutic team; for example, all individuals 50 years or more headquartered are prescribed to be screened for colorectal tumor, by means of either adaptable sigmoidoscopy at usual intervals or colonoscopy like clockwork, and multiplied danger patients are recommended for screening younger and all of the extra as commonly as possible. Laser fibers Strands are utilized as a remote conveyance framework for surgical lasers. It is likewise conceivable to dope an optical fiber with low levels of uncommon earth components, so it enhances light or goes about as a laser. The term laser fiber is utilized freely as a part of the specialized writing when alluding to both of these plans, albeit just the second usage includes making a laser out of a length of optical fiber. At the point when laser filaments are associated with endoscopes, hey permit specialists to perform remote surgery in spots hard to reach by traditional means. This strategy can diminish postoperative torment and recuperation times essentially, in light of the fact that less tissue is harmed achieving the surgical site. Applications Fiber lasers can be utilized to right blemishes in the central properties of the human eye. These incorporate refractive mistakes, for example, nearsightedness (myopia), hypermyopia (far sightedness), and astigmatism. One illustration is the undeniably famous surgical system known as light helped with situ keratamileusis (LASIK), which utilized lasers to for all time reshape the cornea. Since the cornea conforms the state of the eye's lens, similarly that the lens of a camera is engaged, evacuation of corneal tissue can change the eye's central properties. Fiber lasers are utilized as a part of different sorts of eye surgery too. For instance, diabetic retinopathy is an extreme issue of the retina that causes veins to release; this can be dealt with utilizing a blue/green argon laser, whose wavelengths are specially consumed by cells lying under the retina and by hemoglobin in blood. Fiber laser can likewise be utilized to treat glaucoma, a main source of visual impairment, by making minor openings in the iris to permit abundance liquids inside the eye to deplete and calm weight. A comparable treatment is utilized for macular degeneration, which influences focal vision in more seasoned grown-ups; the laser light can decimate strange veins so that scarring won't harm the patient's vision. Fiber lasers have additionally discovered broad applications in dental surgery. Little measures of light are coordinated through a fiber which can be put between the teeth and gums. The laser vitality can be coordinated to expel just sick tissue and helps in lessening the microorganisms connected with gum malady. There is less repeat of gum sickness taking after these medicines, contrasted and ordinary dental surgery. The laser likewise relaxes tartar development, which is connected with aggravation and draining gums. Higher fueled fiber lasers are utilized for cutting and molding hard tissues inside the mouth; for instance, altering the gingival extents to coordinate the upper lip. Problem management Recently there are total 3 technologies that are in use for optical fibers. Fiber optic frameworks are being utilized as a part of numerous new innovations to take focal points of the one of kind properties of optical filaments. Communication systems Another case of simple optical transmission innovation can be found in some satellite TV stations. For instance, in Australia, the compensation TV system is being introduced utilizing joined fiber and coaxial link simple system. The TV signals in recurrence range from 50 MHz to MHz. the fiber spine system works at the 1300 nm wavelength, by and large without speakers. Bi-directional signs are given on two strands. The client appropriation is made by sending the RF signals over the coax system, with speakers each 500 m. The single urge can transmit in reverse signal from the clients into the fiber system, for control purposes and later for intelligent administrations. Undersea cables All undersea transmission links are being introduced with advanced fiber optic innovation as a case of flow innovation, there are undersea links that go for some a large number of kilometers between nations with separations between repeaters of 120 km and that they convey information rates of 800 Gbps per single fiber. Analogous system Signs can be transmitted in simple or advanced structure. Simple transmission requires signals, which are changed in a constant way to pass on their data. Keeping in mind the end goal to transmit data in a simple structure over a fiber optic link, we have to adjust some property of the light to speak to the simple data. We utilize a modulator for this reason to differ one or a greater amount of the light's recurrence, sufficiency, or stage. Transmission of wide data transfer capacity simple signs over a fiber is made troublesome in light of the fact that the lessening qualities of filaments don't offer uniform properties over an extensive variety of wavelengths. Optical strands indicate low lessening just in three restricted working windows around 850 nm, 1300 nm and 1550 nm. Hence, long separation high transfer speed frameworks are more suited to computerized transmission. Be that as it may, short separation transmission can utilization of simple transmission with applications, for example, shut circuit TV and satellite TV conveyance frameworks. Sensors There are different ways fiber optics can be utilized as sensors. Opto/electronic sensors are broadly used to recognize objects by searching for the nearness or nonattendance of the light originating from a source. This can be supplemented by the utilization of strands to empower the sources and/or indicators to be situated in more proper areas, either to offices get to or to move the gadgets far from electrical or different dangers. Filaments can likewise be utilized as a part of other sensor applications, for example, level sensors for combustible fluids. A couple of strands is utilized to get the light to the sensor and identify whether the light is coordinated once again into the fluid. At the point when the crystal is submerged, the fluid keeps the aggregate inward reflection happening thus the light is no more identified at the gathering fiber. Environment sensors The route in which the light in the fiber optic links themselves is changed their environment can be observed for use in numerous sensor applications, for example, estimation of: weight, temperature, stains, attractive fields, increasing velocities etc. Such applications depend on the little changes to the light going through the fibers, which are brought on by the outside ecological changes. For instance, weight or temperature can be measured by checking the misfortune in a fiber, which is subjected to micro bending powers by the outer weight. Attractive field quality can measure by checking the length of a fiber, which can be moved by the attractive field. Essentially, increasing speed can be measured by deciding how much a fiber supporting a weight extends under quickening. These sensor applications were by and large created structure military applications and most are not financially savvy at present. Local area network Give fast associations between PC frameworks permitting the clients to share information or different assets, for example, printers. Different designs constrain the physical size of the LAN, however for every situation the cabling framework is restricted to inside the proprietor's property. Circuits required to leave the site, crossing open property should be given by an information transfers circuit supplier and constitute a MAN or WAN. Optical fibers and copper cables Fiber optic innovation will be utilized as a part without bounds as the fundamental medium for data transmission. It is one reason for the gigantic increment in universal information transfers and ostensibly the impression of the evident "contracting planet". This innovation has been the spine that has empowered the web to wind up the mind blowing data medium it is today. Be that as it may, as opposed to mainstream thinking, it is not all that matters to all individuals. There are still numerous constraints to fiber optic frameworks and numerous difficulties yet to overcome. Copper cables: Coaxial links with measurements of up to 8 cm can convey speeds achieving 1 Gbps over separations of 10 km. The constraining variable is the high cost of copper. Noteworthy scope is in no time going ahead into expanding transmission speeds on contorted pair links. Rates of 100 Mbps are currently very basic in numerous neighborhood. Business frameworks are likewise accessible that work up to 1 Gbps. Research center tests have effectively been completed at 10 Gbps and items are nearing business discharge. The explanation behind such dynamic improvement around there it to make utilization of the excess of curved pair link foundation as of now introduced and henceforth give critical cost funds related eith trenching, ducting and laying of new fiber optic links. Consequently, bent pair link innovation is in a matter of seconds exceptionally focused contrasted with fiber innovation as both have numerous regular applications. Fiber: Fiber optic links have gigantic data transmission with transmission speeds up tp 40 Gbps working today and more than 100 Gbps is normal soon. The elements in a matter of seconds restricting an expansion in information rates are; firstly, the time reactions of the source and indicators are moderate contrasted with the heartbeat time frames for high information rates; also, the wavelength of light is sufficiently close to the beat time frame to bring about separation issues at the identifiers. Techniques for multiplexing a few wavelengths onto one fiber alluded to as wave division multiplexing increment joined transmission speeds over a solitary fiber to more than a few Tbps. To give a vibe to what this speaks to as far as data exchange, a fiber optic connection working at roughly 1 Gbps every second can continue 30 000 compacted sound phone calls at the same time. A connection working at 30 Gbps can convey up to 1 million phone calls at the same time on a solitary glass fiber. Advantages of optical fibers A standout amongst the most points of interest of fiber optic is that verging on difficult to snare over a fiber optic link and bug the information transmission. The strands must be physically tapped to extricate the information, which will diminish signal levels and build blunder rate, both of which are effectively identified. With right away accessible innovation, fiber optic frameworks are considered exceptionally secure frameworks it is expected that this will change sooner rather than later, as techniques for multi-dropping of fiber progress. UTP is entirely modest. UTP is anything but difficult to introduce. UTP may as of now be introduced. It is anything but difficult to interface gadgets to bent pair link. On the off chance that an as of now introduced link framework, for example, phone link, has additional unused wires, you might have the capacity to utilize a couple of wire from that framework. STP altogether diminishes outer impedance. Disadvantages of optical fiber It was believed that all filaments were appropriate for use in dangerous region. In any case, demonstrated that specific fiber joins with effective light sources (lasers) can raise the temperature of metal surface they are sparkling on to the point of gas ignition or, they may bring about flashes under certain conditions. UTP is more powerless to clamor and obstruction. UTP has higher sign lessening than different links. STP is massive and hard to work with. References Culshaw, B. and Gardiner, P. (1992). Smart structuresThe relevance of fiber optics. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 11(4), pp.353-373. Dcina, M. (2008). Fiber Optics in Italy: Introduction to Special Issue. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 27(4), pp.159-160. Dulchinos, D. (1992). Bringing fiber optics to america: The cable television experience. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 11(2), pp.177-188. Greenwell, R. (1977). Fiber optics cost models for the A-7 aircraft. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 1(2), pp.197-225. Matsuda, Y. (1978). Fiber optics market in japan. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 1(4), pp.327-333. Montgomery, J. and Dixon, F. (1981). Fiber optics to the year 2000. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 3(4), pp.323-337. Nakahara, T. and Yanai, H. (1977). Fiber optics in japan. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 1(1), pp.3-20. New Products. (1997). Fiber and Integrated Optics, 16(2), pp.221-223. Polishuk, P. (1987). Recent developments in fiber optics in the United States. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 6(3), pp.215-237. Zong-Qi, L. and Hung-chia, H. (1987). Fiber optics RD in China. Fiber and Integrated Optics, 6(2), pp.133-139.

Background of Saudi Aramco Essays

Background of Saudi Aramco Essays Background of Saudi Aramco Essay Background of Saudi Aramco Essay The story of Aramco’s beginnings and the journey the company has taken to become the largest oil company in the world is as remarkable as the journey that has brought Saudi Arabia to its current standing in the community of nations. Aramco is a company characterized by resilience and the courage to take bold steps that have made it a key player in global energy security (Saudi Aramco 2012). The journey of the company is tied to the transformation the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undergone to become a modern-nation state and a key player in the geopolitical sphere of not only the Arab world but also globally. Having began as merely an oil producing companies that was no different from other companies in the industry at the time, Aramco has steadily grown to become the fully integrated global energy enterprise that it is today with partnerships spreading to various parts of the world including Asia, Europe and North America (Saudi Aramco 2012). Aramco’s journey began with the signing of an oil concession agreement with the Standard Oil Company of California on May 29, 1933 which paved way for the beginning of aerial surveys the following year. In 1935, the first oil well was drilled and a new pier was erected at al-Khobar at a time when more proven oil finds were located in Bahrain, Iraq and Persia. In 1936, the Texas Co. made a 50% acquisition of the concession and launched operations in Bahrain. By 1939, various wells had been drilled and for the first time, an oil tanker transported the first load of petroleum from Saudi Arabia. Aramco was officially on its way to becoming the corporation it is today (Saudi Aramco 2012). By the beginning of the 1940s, the company was producing about 15,000 bpd and its workforce had grown to nearly 4,000. 1940 began with the discovery of the Abqaiq oil field but during the early years of the 1940s, the company faced some difficulties including the closure of its refinery at Ras Tanura in 1941 and suspension of field mapping in 1942. 1943 witnessed growth of innovation in the oil and gas industry due to the shortages occasioned by the World War II and Casoc was renamed Aramco in 1944 with headquarters in San Francisco and an amazing journey of remarkable growth began. As of 1949, Aramco had increased its productivity to 500,000 bpd. In 1946, the company commissioned its administration building in Dhahran and the decade ended with the completion of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline enabling Saudi Arabia to export its oil through the Mediterranean Sea (Saudi Aramco 2012). In 1951, the Safaniya offshore oil field was discovered and the following year, Aramco moved its headquarters to Dhahran. In 1954, the company’s production reached 1 million bpd transforming Aramco into an oil production powerhouse (Saudi Aramco 2012). Exploration work at Rub’ al-Khali began in 1955 and by 1958; the company’s production had topped 1 million bpd. The close of the 1950’s saw two Saudi nationals joining Aramco board as more Saudis assumed managerial positions within the company. In 1961, the company hit yet another milestone when it exported liquefied gas from its Ras Tanura facility for the first time. By 1962, production of crude oil had hit the 5 billion barrels mark and the following year, the company patented its oil sweetening technology. In 1965, Aramco’s oil production reached 2 million bpd and the discovery of the Shaybah oil field further boosted the company’s productivity. The company closed the decade with the commissioning of an offshore gas-oil separation plant at the Safaniya oil field, the first of its kind in the history of Aramco (Saudi Aramco 2012). Photo 2: Aramco’s first offshore gas-oil separation plant at the Safaniya oil field commisioned in 1969 [Source: Aramco] During the 1970s, the Saudi Government began the acquisition process aimed at changing Aramco into a fully government owned company or a national oil corporation (NOC). It is a decade that would witness rapid growth in the oil and gas industry as Aramco was operating three of the largest oil and gas projects in the world (Saudi Aramco 2012). The company had officially taken the lead in oil and gas production and taken its rightful place in the global energy security landscape. In 1973, the Government acquired a 25% stake in Aramco followed by a further acquisition of 35% in 1974 bringing the Government’s ownership of the Aramco to 60%. The same year, the Ju’aymah offshore crude oil terminal was commisioned and in 1976, Aramco became the first oil company in the world to reach an output of 3 billion barrels in one year, a fete that had not been achived by any other company (Saudi Aramco 2012). In 1980, the Saudi Government completed acquisition of the remaining 40% ownership of Aramco but the decline in oil prices would force the company to rethinkk its strategy (Saudi Aramco 2012). By this time, the governemt owned 100% stake at Aramco and despite the hardships in the global oil market, Aramco made significant strides. For example, the Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center (EXPEC) was opened in 1983. Having fully acquired the company, the Saudi Government transformed Aramco into Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) and in 1989, the company found oil at Hawtah marking the beginning of a decade that would witness massive invention and investment in the oil and gas industry (Saudi Aramco 2012). Picture 3: Aramco’s Operations Coordination Center, the largest of its kind in the Oil and Gas industry [Source: Aramco] Aramco began its expansion strategy in earnest with the 1991 acquisition of a 35% stake in S-oil refinery and harbor, Onsan, Republic of Korea (Saudi Aramco 2012). The following year, the company’s exploration efforts yielded discovery of oil in the central part of the country having drilled its first well at Midyan. In 1993, Aramco’s merger with Samarec was completed and the following year, Aramco acquired a 40% stake in Petron, a company based in the Philippines and in 1996, Aramco entered its first European joint venture. In 1999, the company completed the refurbishment of the Ras Tanura refinery before opening a Research Development Center (RDC) to spearhead innovation in the oil and gas sector (Saudi Aramco 2012). Picture 4: Refurbished and upgraded Ras Tanura refinery [Source: Aramco] During the 2000s, Aramco established partnerships with various international companies with focus on gas production as well as patenting of technology developed by the company’s RDC. On top of this, Aramco embarked on the largest capital expansion in the company’s history aimed at ensuring stability and reliability. To this end, the company commissioned Hawiyah gas plant in 2001 and in the following year, Aramco acquired Texaco’s stake in Motiva (Saudi Aramco 2012). This was followed by the opening of the Haradh gas plant in 2003 before further expansion plans in 2004 led to rge acquiition of stake in Showa Shell which enabled the company to raise its output by a further 800 thousand bpd. In 2005, Aramco entered into a joint venture with Sumitomo Chemical Company. 2007 saw Aramco enter into yet another equity venture, this time in China with the Fujian Refining and Petrochemical Co. Ltd. In 2008, Aramco celebrated its 75th year in the oil and gas industry and the following year, the company completed its expansion program raising its capacity to 12 million bpd (Saudi Aramco 2012) but with actual production averaging 9. 1 million bpd in 2011.

Inclusion essays

Inclusion essays According to the Curry School of Education, approximately 80% of students with learning disabilities receive the majority of their instruction in the general classroom (Inclusion. http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/curry/dept/cise/ose.html. 10 Oct. 1999). That number is expected to rise as teachers and parents become aware of the benefits of inclusion. Because there are so many disabled students in regular schools, it is important to look at whether or not mainstreaming is necessary for their education. For parents, having their disabled children mainstreamed into regular education can be a difficult choice. Although disabled childrens education can be more challenging in regular schools, the benefits of inclusion include enhanced self-esteem, development of social skills, and exposure to regular curriculum. Many people believe mainstreaming only helps disabled children, but there are many challenges that hurt their education rather than help. Both faculty and students can be cruel to disabled students. Because they are not used to interacting with disabled children, faculty and students may be uncomfortable with the situation and be insensitive to the disabled children. By ignoring the disabled children or treating them badly, the children will lose self-esteem and may disrupt the class in order to show their unhappiness. Some teachers are not familiar with teaching disabled children, so the education is lacking for the children. Teachers may continue to teach their classes at an accelerated level, forgetting about the slower students. The students will then fall behind and get frustrated with the situation. All these factors hurt disabled childrens education and will hurt their chances at succeeding in life. Being in a regular school can help disabled children feel better about themselves and their accomplishments. When disabled children complete a more challenging task, they may ...

PARAPHRASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PARAPHRASE - Essay Example They do not use command-and-control model and they ensure the transmission of the company’s culture. Nucor also has an unusual pay system that shares corporate wealth with workers (profits and bonuses). Workers’ and managers’ take-home greatly depends on results and pay disparities are modest with executive pay geared toward team-building. There also exists a healthy competition in Nucor based on efficiency, safety and output among shifts and facilities, balanced with a long history of idea-sharing and cooperation. Just as Nucor rewards good work, it also penalizes bad work and this way, the company’s model has brought it numerous benefits including improved annual production of acquisitions and improved total shipments. With the company’s growth, its existing facilities whose products overlap with those of acquired plants may be forced to seek new businesses to branch into thereby making its workers innovate themselves into more lucrative spots out of tough ones. Apparently, Nucor is the leading and the most outstanding steel company in the U.S. Its model energizes workers and provides an example of exceptional strategic execution. It also ensures that both workers and managers demonstrate a level of fervor for the company that can border on the bizarre. For other companies, the model is therefore worth

The Broadway Cafe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Broadway Cafe - Research Paper Example The researcher states that one of the significant issues faced by the Broadway Cafà © has been that it does not have a computer system. In the modern day context, computers have significantly enhanced the way the companies operate in their respective industries. There has been significant advancement in technology, thus, the businesses that do not make use of the information system technology are at disadvantage in comparison to their competitors. By installing information system technology in Broadway Cafe, the orders can be recorded in the computer systems. The management will be capable of recording all the orders in the system as this will reduce the time required for taking orders and, therefore, the management will be able to pay due attention to other activities of the business. If the company is capable of managing its operations successfully then in such circumstances, the sales and the profitability of the company can be enhanced. It will permit the company to cut expenses because by updating information technology in an organization, there will be lesser requirement of employee force. Also, the names of the recipes for the baked goods and soups may be stored in the computers. E-Business is applied broadly in modern day business context. It is used to facilitate companies though the use of internet and communication technologies. It would be beneficial for Broadway Cafe to make use of internet as one of the significant tools for the purpose of ordering the goods and services. It is crucial for the company to create its own website via which it can trade its goods and services online and reach wider number of customers. It is because of the e-business technologies that Broadway Cafe will be capable of offering its customers with greater customer service, increase its sales volume, streamline its business processes and minimize the rising costs (Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, 2012). Creation of Online Community By creating online commun ity, Broadway Cafe will be capable of understanding the needs, interests and desires of the customers and will also be capable of connecting with other people who share similar interests. Facebook and Twitter are considered to be well known social networking sites that connect millions of people. Therefore, if Broadway Cafe is capable of creating its page in these sites then it will be able to make a large number of people aware about its products and services. Wireless Network The conventional network concept of the wired users is becoming obsolete. It is because of the increasing use of the wireless LANs, the data can be easily accessible to the users and, therefore, it may lead to productive and effective workforce. By installing wireless network in the Cafe, customers will be capable of accessing internet in their laptops and will be capable of working effectively. The customers may prefer spending prolonged hours within the cafe. This will have a significant impact upon the sal es and profitability of the company (Golden West Technology & Internet Solutions, 2012). CRM to Implement Marketing Campaigns and Sales Strategies In order to identify the ever-increasing customer demands, most of the companies in the recent times tend to implement a customer relationship management strategy so that it can administer the customer-facing methods of their business.

Is democracy an antidote to revolution for Tocqueville Discuss with Essay

Is democracy an antidote to revolution for Tocqueville Discuss with reference to De la democratie Amerique - Essay Example The difference between the revolution in France and the American Revolution marks its way in the book â€Å"Democracy in America† that Alexis De Tocqueville has written has written as a commentary about the young nation of migrants with its hodgepodge of races and people but was still able to harmonize and assimilate democracy through its definite leadership and concrete adherence to the ideals unlike the monarchical affinities that was still common in Europe. Though he did not hold a mastery of politics, De Tocqueville embarked on an elaboration of his conceived notions of America in his study during his sojourn in the country. A comparison of the continent of Europe in the early 17th century manifests where supreme monarchy is omnipresent and victorious over the oligarch and feudal freedom during the Middle Ages. The concept of right was blemished in the grandeur of Europe, there were few activities of political nature, no idea of liberty expressed openly, in which time these principles were already proclaimed in the land known as the New World where it is openly accepted and viewed as the future of the nation. These intrepid theories of human nature and of intellectual reason were then practiced by a community modest in its application by the statesmen in charged of its proliferation (De Tocqueville, p.60). The principles which have become the basis of today’s constitutions that used to be unknown in Europe and were unsuccessful in Great Britain during this time were already recognized in America. Among these are; the capability of the citizens to intervene in matters concerning the public, the autonomy in the election of taxes, the innate responsibility of those delegated with power, personal liberty, jury trials, etc. that were already in discussion in the New World. These principles which are seen vastly today are the positive consequences resulting from the applications from

Roald Dahl In 1954 English Literature Essay

Roald Dahl In 1954 English Literature Essay Born in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales, to Norwegian parents, he served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, in which he became a flying ace and intelligence agent, rising to the rank of Wing Commander. He rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults, and became one of the worlds bestselling authors. His short stories are known for their unexpected endings, and his childrens books for their unsentimental, often very dark humour. Some of his better-known works include James and the Giant Peach, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Fantastic Mr Fox, Matilda, The Witches, and The Big Friendly Giant. ] Early life Roald Dahl was born at Villa Marie, Fairwater Road, Llandaff, Glamorgan, in 1916, to Norwegian parents, Harald Dahl and Sofie Magdalene Dahl (nà ©e Hesselberg).[3] Dahls father had moved from Sarpsborg in Norway and settled in Cardiff in the 1880s. His mother came over to marry his father in 1911. Dahl was named after the polar explorer Roald Amundsen, a national hero in Norway at the time. He spoke Norwegian at home with his parents and sisters, Astri, Alfhild, and Else. Dahl and his sisters were christened at the Norwegian Church, Cardiff, where their parents worshipped. In 1920, when Dahl was still three years old, his seven-year-old sister, Astri, died from appendicitis. Weeks later, his father died of pneumonia at the age of 57. With the option of returning to Norway to live with relatives, Dahls mother decided to remain in Wales, because her husband had wished to have their children educated in British schools, which he considered the worlds best. Dahl first attended The Cathedral School, Llandaff. At the age of eight, he and four of his friends (one named Thwaites) were caned by the headmaster after putting a dead mouse in a jar of gobstoppers at the local sweet shop, which was owned by a mean and loathsome old woman called Mrs Pratchett. This was known amongst the five boys as the Great Mouse Plot of 1924. This was Roalds own idea. Thereafter, he transferred to a boarding school in England: Saint PeterHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_PetersHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Peterss in Weston-super-Mare. Roalds parents had wanted him to be educated at a British public school and, at the time, because of a then regular ferry link across the Bristol Channel, this proved to be the nearest. His time at Saint Peters was an unpleasant experience for him. He was very homesick and wrote to his mother every week, but never revealed to her his unhappiness, being under the pressure of school censorship. Only after her death in 1967 did he find out that she had saved every single one of his letters, in small bundles held together with green tape.[4] Dahl wrote about his time at St. Peters in his autobiography Boy: Tales of Childhood.[5] From 1929, he attended Repton School in Derbyshire, where, according to Boy: Tales of Childhood, a friend named Michael was viciously caned by headmaster Geoffrey Fisher, the man who later became the Archbishop of Canterbury and crowned the Queen in 1953. (However, according to Dahls biographer Jeremy Treglown,[6] the caning took place in May 1933, a year after Fisher had left Repton. The headmaster concerned was in fact J.T. Christie, Fishers successor.) This caused Dahl to have doubts about religion and even about God.[7] He was never seen as a particularly talented writer in his school years, with one of his English teachers writing in his school report I have never met anybody who so persistently writes words meaning the exact opposite of what is intended,[8] Dahl was exceptionally tall, reaching 6  ft  6  in (1.98  m) in adult life.[9] He excelled at sports, being made captain of the school fives and squash teams, and also playing for the football team. He developed an i nterest in photography. During his years at Repton, Cadbury, the chocolate company, would occasionally send boxes of new chocolates to the school to be tested by the pupils. Dahl apparently used to dream of inventing a new chocolate bar that would win the praise of Mr. Cadbury himself, and this proved the inspiration for him to write his third book for children, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1963) and include references to chocolate in other books for children.[10] Throughout his childhood and adolescent years, Dahl spent his summer holidays with his mothers family in their native Norway. His childhood and first job selling kerosene in Midsomer Norton and surrounding villages in Somerset are subjects in Boy: Tales of Childhood. The main child character in his 1983 book The Witches is British-born but of Norwegian origin; his grandmother is still living in Norway.[11] After finishing his schooling, he spent three weeks hiking through Newfoundland with the Public Schools Exploring Society (now known as BSES Expeditions). Prewar career and fighter ace In July 1934, Dahl joined the Shell Petroleum Company. Following two years of training in the UK, he was transferred to Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika (now Tanzania). Along with the only two other Shell employees in the entire territory, he lived in luxury in the Shell House outside Dar-es-Salaam, with a cook and personal servants. While out on assignments supplying oil to customers across Tanganyika, he encountered black mambas and lions, amongst other wildlife.[7] Family Patricia Neal and Roald Dahl Dahl married American actress Patricia Neal on 2 July 1953 at Trinity Church in New York City. Their marriage lasted for 30 years and they had five children: Olivia, Tessa, Theo, Ophelia, and Lucy. On 5 December 1960, four-month-old Theo Dahl was severely injured when his baby carriage was struck by a taxicab in New York City. For a time, he suffered from hydrocephalus, and as a result, his father became involved in the development of what became known as the Wade-Dahl-Till (or WDT) valve, a device to alleviate the condition.[22]HYPERLINK #cite_note-larner-22[23] In November 1962, Olivia Dahl died of measles encephalitis at age seven. Dahl subsequently became a proponent of immunization[24] and dedicated his 1982 book The BFG to his deceased daughter. In 1965, wife Patricia Neal suffered three burst cerebral aneurysms while pregnant with their fifth child, Lucy; Dahl took control of her rehabilitation and she eventually relearned to talk and walk, and even returned to her acting career.[25] Following a divorce from Neal in 1983, Dahl married Felicity Liccy Crosland the same year at Brixton town hall, and with whom he was in a relationship before that.[26] According to a biographer, Donald Sturrock, Liccy gave up her job and moved into his home, Gipsy House, with Roald and his children. He is the father of the author Tessa Dahl, grandfather of author, cookbook writer, and former model Sophie Dahl and father-in-law to actor Julian Holloway (son of actor Stanley Holloway). Death and legacy Dahls gravestone Roald Dahl died on 23 November 1990, at the age of 74 of a blood disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, in Oxford,[27] and was buried in the cemetery at St. Peter and St. PaulHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Pauls_ChurchHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter_and_St._Pauls_Churchs Church in Great Missenden. According to his granddaughter, the family gave him a sort of Viking funeral. He was buried with his snooker cues, some very good burgundy, chocolates, HB pencils and a power saw. In his honour, the Roald Dahl ChildrenHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Dahl_Childrens_GalleryHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Dahl_Childrens_Gallerys Gallery was opened at Buckinghamshire County Museum in nearby Aylesbury. In 2002, one of Cardiff Bays modern landmarks, the historic Oval Basin plaza, was re-christened Roald Dahl Plass. Plass means place or square in Norwegian, referring to the acclaimed late writers Norwegian roots. There have also been calls from the public for a permanent statue of him to be erected in the city[28] Dahls charitable commitments in the fields of neurology and haematology have been continued by his widow since his death, through Roald Dahls Marvellous Childrens Charity, formerly known as the Roald Dahl Foundation.[29] In June 2005, the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre opened in Great Missenden to celebrate the work of Roald Dahl and advance his work in literacy education. In 2008, the UK charity Booktrust and ChildrenHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childrens_LaureateHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childrens_Laureates Laureate Michael Rosen inaugurated The Roald Dahl Funny Prize, an annual award to authors of humorous childrens fiction.[30] In 2008, The Times ranked Roald Dahl sixteenth on their list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945.[31] On 14 September 2009 (the day after what would have been Dahls 93rd birthday) the first blue plaque in his honour was unveiled in Llandaff, Cardiff. Rather than commemorating his place of birth, however, the plaque was erected on the wall of the former sweet shop (and site of The Great Mouse Plot of 1924) that features in the first part of his autobiography Boy. It was unveiled by his widow Felicity and son Theo.[32] In his honour, Gibraltar Post issued a set of four stamps in 2010 featuring Quentin Blakes original illustrations for four of the childrens books written by Dahl during his long career; The BFG, The Twits, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Matilda.[33] Roald Dahl Day The anniversary of Dahls birthday on 13 September is celebrated as Roald Dahl Writing Roald Dahls story The Devious Bachelor was illustrated by Frederick Siebel when it was published in CollierHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colliers_WeeklyHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colliers_Weeklys (September 1953). Dahls first published work, inspired by a meeting with C. S. Forester, was A Piece Of Cake. The story, about his wartime adventures, was bought by The Saturday Evening Post for $1000 and published under the title Shot Down Over Libya. The shot down title was inaccurate, as he simply ran out of fuel. His first childrens book was The Gremlins, about mischievous little creatures that were part of RAF folklore. All the RAF pilots blamed the gremlins for all the problems with the plane. The book was commissioned by Walt Disney for a film that was never made, and published in 1943. Dahl went on to create some of the best-loved childrens stories of the 20th century, such as Charlie and the Chocolate HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_FactoryFactory, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, Matilda, James and the Giant Peach and Georges Marvellous Medicine. He also had a successful parallel career as the writer of macabre adult short stories, usually with a dark sense of humour and a surprise ending. Many were originally written for American magazines such as CollierHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colliers_WeeklyHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colliers_Weeklys, Ladies Home Journal, HarperHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpers_MagazineHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpers_Magazines, Playboy and The New Yorker. Works such as Kiss Kiss subsequently collected Dahls stories into anthologies, gaining worldwide acclaim. Dahl wrote more than 60 short stories; they have appeared in numerous collections, some only being published in book form after his death (See List of Roald Dahl short stories). His stories also brought him three Edgar Awards: in 1954, for the collection Someone Like You; in 1959, for the story The Landlady; and in 1980, for the episode of Tales of the Unexpected based on Skin. One of his more famous adult stories, The Smoker (also known as Man From the South), was filmed twice as both 1960 and 1985 episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and also adapted into Quentin Tarantinos segment of the 1995 film Four Rooms. This bizarre, oft-anthologised suspense classic concerns a man residing in Jamaica who wagers with visitors in an attempt to claim the fingers from their hands. The 1960 Hitchcock version stars Steve McQueen and Peter Lorre. His short story collection Tales of the Unexpected was adapted to a successful TV series of the same name, beginning with Man From the South. When the stock of Dahls own original stories was exhausted, the series continued by adapting stories by authors that were written in Dahls style, including the writers John Collier and Stanley Ellin. He acquired a traditional Romanichal Gypsy wagon in the 1960s, and the family used it as a playhouse for his children. He later used the vardo as a writing room, where he wrote the book Danny, the Champion of the World.[36] A number of his short stories are supposed to be extracts from the diary of his (fictional) Uncle Oswald, a rich gentleman whose sexual exploits form the subject of these stories. In his novel My Uncle Oswald the uncle engages a temptress to seduce 20th Century geniuses and royalty with a love potion secretly added to chocolate truffles made by Dahls favourite chocolate shop, Prestat of Piccadilly. Memories with Food at Gipsy House, written with his wife Felicity and published posthumously in 1991, was a mixture of recipes, family reminiscences and Dahls musings on favourite subjects such as chocolate, onions, and claret. Dahl ranks amongst the worldHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_fiction_authorsHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_fiction_authorss bestselling fiction authors, with sales estimated at 100  million.[37]HYPERLINK #cite_note-37[38] Childrens fiction Dahls childrens works are usually told from the point of view of a child. They typically involve adult villains or villainesses who hate and mistreat children, and feature at least one good adult to counteract the villain(s). These stock characters are possibly a reference to the abuse that Dahl stated that he experienced in the boarding schools he attended. They usually contain a lot of black humour and grotesque scenarios, including gruesome violence. The Witches, GeorgeHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Marvellous_MedicineHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Marvellous_Medicines Marvellous Medicine and Matilda are examples of this formula. The BFG follows it in a more analogous way with the good giant (the BFG or Big Friendly Giant) representing the good adult archetype and the other giants being the bad adults. This formula is also somewhat evident in Dahls film script for Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. Class-conscious themes ranging from the thinly veiled to the blatant also surface in works such as Fantastic Mr Fox and Danny, the Champion of the World. Dahl also features in his books characters that are very fat, usually children. Augustus Gloop, Bruce Bogtrotter, and Bruno Jenkins are a few of these characters, although an enormous woman named Aunt Sponge is featured in James and The Giant Peach and the nasty farmer Boggis in Fantastic Mr Fox features as an enormously fat character. All of these characters (with the possible exception of Bruce Bogtrotter) are either villains or simply unpleasant gluttons. They are usually punished for this: Augustus Gloop drinks from Willy Wonkas chocolate river, disregarding the adults who tell him not to, and falls in, getting sucked up a pipe and nearly being turned into fudge. Bruce Bogtrotter steals cake from the evil headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, and is forced to eat a gigantic chocolate cake in front of the school. Bruno Jenkins is turned into a mouse by witches who lure him to their convention with the promise of chocolate, and, it is speculated, possibly disowned or even killed by his pa rents because of this. Aunt Sponge is flattened by a giant peach.) Dahls mother used to tell him and his sisters tales about trolls and other mythical Norwegian creatures and some of his childrens books contain references or elements inspired by these stories, such as the giants in The BFG, the fox family in Fantastic Mr Fox and the trolls in The Minpins. Screenplays For a brief period in the 1960s, Dahl wrote screenplays. Two the James Bond film You Only Live Twice and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang were adaptations of novels by Ian Fleming, though both were rewritten and completed by other writers. Dahl also began adapting his own novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, which was completed and rewritten by David Seltzer after Dahl failed to meet deadlines, and produced as the film Willy Wonka HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Wonka__the_Chocolate_FactoryHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Wonka__the_Chocolate_Factory the Chocolate Factory (1971). Dahl later disowned the film, saying he was disappointed because he thought it placed too much emphasis on Willy Wonka and not enough on Charlie.[39] He was also infuriated by the deviations in the plot devised by David Seltzer in his draft of the screenplay. This resulted in his refusal for any more versions of the book to be made in his lifetime.[40] Influences Not surprisingly, a major part of Dahls literary influences stemmed from his childhood. In his younger days, he was an avid reader, especially awed by fantastic tales of heroism and triumph. Amongst his favourite authors were Rudyard Kipling, William Thackeray, Frederick Marryat and Charles Dickens and their works went on to make a lasting mark on his life and writing. Dahl was also a huge fan of ghost stories and claimed that Trolls by Jonas Lie was one of the finest ghost stories ever written. While he was still a youngster, his mother, Sofie Dahl, would relate traditional Norwegian myths and legends from her native homeland to Dahl and his sisters. Dahl always maintained that his mother and her stories had a strong influence on his writing. In one interview he mentioned, She was a great teller of tales. Her memory was prodigious and nothing that ever happened to her in her life was forgotten. When Dahl started writing and publishing his famous books for children, he created a gran dmother character in The Witches and later stated that she was based directly on his own mother as a tribute.[1]HYPERLINK #cite_note-40[41] ] Way Out In 1961, Dahl hosted and wrote for a science fiction and horror television anthology series called Way Out, which preceded the Twilight Zone series on the CBS network for 14 episodes[42] from March to July. Dahls comedic monologues rounded off the episodes, frequently explaining exactly how to murder ones spouse without getting caught. In one introduction, Dahl ruminated about the popularity of the crewcut at the time and how it seemed to make some men feel tougher. The former fighter pilot dryly observed that .it really doesnt help when the chips are down, though, does it? One of the last dramatic network shows shot in New York City, the entire series is available for viewing at The Paley Center for Media in New York City and Los Angeles. Tales of the Unexpected Tales of the Unexpected is a British television series that originally aired between 1979 and 1988, made by Anglia Television for ITV. The series was an anthology of different tales, initially based on short stories, at one time compiled in a book of the same title, by the author Roald Dahl. The stories were sometimes sinister, sometimes wryly comedic, and usually had a twist ending. Dahl introduced on camera all the episodes of the first two series, which bore the full title Roald Dahls Tales Of The Unexpected. Dahl also chose the stories not written by him to be adapted for the second series, and a small number of additional Dahl stories were adapted for the third series onwards following his departure. [List of works [Childrens stories The Gremlins(1943) James and the Giant Peach(1961) Film: James and the Giant Peach(live-action/animated) (1996) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory(1964)[nn 1]- Films: Willy Wonka HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Wonka__the_Chocolate_FactoryHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Wonka__the_Chocolate_Factorythe Chocolate Factory(1971) and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory(2005) The Magic Finger(1 June 1966) Fantastic Mr Fox(9 December 1970) Film: Fantastic Mr. Fox(animated) (2009) Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator(9 January 1972)[nn 1]A sequel to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Danny, the Champion of the World(30 October 1975) Film: Danny the Champion of the World(TV movie) (1989) The Enormous Crocodile(24 August 1978) The Twits(17 December 1980) GeorgeHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Marvellous_MedicineHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Marvellous_Medicines Marvellous Medicine(21 May 1981) The BFG(14 October 1982) Film: The BFG(animated) (1989) The Witches(27 October 1983) Film: The Witches(1990) The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me(26 September 1985) Matilda(21 April 1988) Film: Matilda(1996) Esio Trot(19 April 1989) The Vicar of Nibbleswicke(9 May 1990) The Minpins(8 August 1991) Childrens poetry Revolting Rhymes(10 June 1982) Dirty Beasts(25 October 1984) Rhyme Stew(21 September 1989) [Adult fiction Novels Sometime Never: A Fable for Supermen(1948) My Uncle Oswald(1979) Short story collections Over To You: Ten Stories of Flyers and Flying(1946) Someone Like You(1953) Lamb to the Slaughter(1953) Kiss Kiss(1960) Twenty-Nine Kisses from Roald Dahl(1969) Switch Bitch(1974) The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar and Six More(1977) The Best of Roald Dahl(1978) Tales of the Unexpected(1979) More Tales of the Unexpected(1980) Roald DahlHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roald_Dahls_Book_of_Ghost_Storiesaction=editredlink=1HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roald_Dahls_Book_of_Ghost_Storiesaction=editredlink=1s Book of Ghost Stories(1983). Edited with an introduction by Dahl. The Roald Dahl Omnibus(Dorset Press, 1986) Two Fables(1986). Princess and the Poacherand Princess Mammalia. Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl(1989) The Collected Short Stories of Dahl(1991) The Roald Dahl Treasury(1997) The Great Automatic Grammatizator(1997). (Known in the USA as The Umbrella Man and Other Stories). Skin And Other Stories(2000) Roald Dahl: Collected Stories(2006) See the alphabetical List of Roald Dahl short stories. See also Roald Dahl: Collected Storiesfor a complete, chronological listing. Non-fiction The Mildenhall Treasure(1946, 1977, 1999) Boy Tales of Childhood(1984) Recollections up to the age of 20, looking particularly at schooling in Britainin the early part of the 20th century. Going Solo(1986) Continuation of his autobiography, in which he goes to work for Shelland spends some time working in Tanzaniabefore joining the war effort and becoming one of the last Alliedpilots to withdraw from Greece during the German invasion. Measles, a Dangerous Illness(1986)[43] Memories with Food at Gipsy House(1991) Roald DahlHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Dahls_Guide_to_Railway_SafetyHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Dahls_Guide_to_Railway_Safetys Guide to Railway Safety(1991) My Year(1993) Roald Dahls Revolting Recipesby Felicity Dahl, et al.(1994), a collection of recipes based on and inspired by food in Dahls books, created by Roald Felicity Dahl, and Josie Fison Roald Dahls Even More Revolting Recipesby Felicity Dahl, et al.(2001) Plays The Honeys(1955) Produced at the Longacre Theater on Broadway. [] Film scripts The Gremlins(1943) 36 Hours(1965) You Only Live Twice(1967) Chitty Chitty Bang Bang(1968) The Night Digger(1971) Willy Wonka HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Wonka__the_Chocolate_FactoryHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Wonka__the_Chocolate_Factorythe Chocolate Factory(1971) [edit] Television Way Out(1961) Horror series hosted by Roald Dahl and produced by David Susskind Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Lamb to the Slaughter(1958) Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Dip in the Pool(1958) Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Poison(1958) Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Man from the South(1960) with Steve McQueenand Peter Lorre Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Mrs. Bixby and the ColonelHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._Bixby_and_the_Colonels_CoatHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._Bixby_and_the_Colonels_Coats Coat(1960) Alfred Hitchcock Presents: The Landlady(1961) Tales of the Unexpected(1979-88), episodes written and introduced by Dahl ^ a b Published in 1978 in an omnibus edition titled The Complete Adventures of Charlie and Willy Wonka ] Controversies In 1983 Dahl reviewed Tony Cliftons God Cried, a picture book about the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon depicting Israelis killing thousands of Beirut inhabitants by bombing civilian targets. Dahls review stated that this invasion was when we all started hating Israel, and that the book would make readers violently anti-Israeli, writing, I am not anti-Semitic. I am anti-Israel.[44] Dahl told a reporter in 1983, Theres a trait in the Jewish character that does provoke animosity I mean there is always a reason why anti-anything crops up anywhere; even a stinker like Hitler didnt just pick on them for no reason.[44] Dahl maintained friendships with a number of Jews, including philosopher Isaiah Berlin, who said, I thought he might say anything. Could have been pro-Arab or pro-Jew. There was no consistent line. He was a man who followed whims, which meant he would blow up in one direction, so to speak.[44] In later years, Dahl included a sympathetic episode about German-Jewish refugees in his book Going Solo, and professed to be opposed to injustice, not Jews.[44]

Earnest Hemingway :: essays research papers fc

Earnest Hemingway Earnest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park Illinois. After graduating from high school, he got a job at a paper called "Kansas City Star". Hemingway continually tried to enter the military, but his messed up eye, hindered this task. Hemingway had managed to get a job driving an American Red Cross ambulance. During this expedition, he was injured and hospitalized. Hemingway had an crush for a particular nurse at that hospital, her name was Agnes von Kurowsky. Hemingway continually proposed to her, and she continually denied. When Hemingway healed his injuries, he moved back to Michigan, and had wanted to write again. When he married Hadley Richardson and was working in France, as a foreign correspondent, for the "Toronto Star". In 1925, he wrote a book called "In Our Time", which was marketed in New York. The next year he published a book called "The Sun Also Rises", a novel where he had his first success. "The Sun Also Rises", deals with a group of desultory people in exile from France and Spain-members of the "lost generation", a phrase made famous by Hemingway himself. In post-war years, Hemingway spent most of his time writing books. But, when his first marriage failed, and had a son, John, he had married Pauline Pfeiffer, who had his next 2 children. Based in Paris, he had traveled for skiing, bullfighting, fishing, or hunting that by then had become what most of his work was all about. Hemingway, started writing short stories, among them was "Men Without Women" in 1927, and "A Farewell to Arms" in 1929. This story shows a love story within a war time setting. Many people believe that Hemingway, did his writing at this period of his life. He once confessed "If I had not been hunting and fishing, I would have probably been writing." Hemingway's stories were based on adventure, and different aspects of it. His love of Spain, and his love of bullfighting, led him to write a book called "Death in the Afternoon". During the 1930's, Spain was in a civil war, still having ties in Spain, Hemingway made 4 trips their. He raised money, for a party called the "Loyalists". He wrote a book about it called "The Fifth Column". In this book, the narrator is the protagonist. From more experience in Spain, he wrote a book called "Whom the Bell Tolls" in 1940. This book was the most successful writing, based on sales of the book. All of Hemingway's life, has been fascinated by wars. For example, in "A Farewell to Arms", he focused on how war had